How to make a hedge for wildlife

Hedges are a better choice of boundary for wildlife than fences or walls, especially if native trees and shrubs are used. Hedges allow wildlife to move about between gardens and other spaces, and provide feeding and breeding opportunities.

Hedges offer food in the form of leaves, nectar-rich flowers, berries, fruits, seeds and nuts, and are also good hunting grounds for predators seeking insects and other invertebrates. They make natural windbreaks, creating sheltered areas in the garden, which is particularly important for butterflies. They also create areas of shade, increasing the range of habitats within the garden for wildlife and people! Informal hedges and trees are better than those that are regularly clipped; for instance, hawthorn, holly and privet will produce few or no flowers and berries if kept trim.

Choosing your plants:

Native shrubs and trees like hawthorn, field maple, blackthorn, beech, hornbeam and holly make an ideal mixture of hedging plants. Grow rambling plants, such as wild rose, bramble and honeysuckle, through your hedge to provide even more shelter and food for wildlife.

Ivy is particularly beneficial for nesting birds and it flowers in the autumn when few other nectar sources are available to insects. Encourage prospective wildlife by growing it up into large trees.

Planting your hedges:

The best time for planting is between November and March, but never plant into waterlogged or frozen ground. Bare, rooted plants are cheaper, but take care not to expose the roots for long when planting. Until they are established, keep the base of your plants free from weeds with a thick mulch or matting.

For a mixed native hedge, try to include three plants of the same species per 1 m (3 ¼ ft) with one each of two other species.

Maintaining your hedges:

Hedges should not be pruned until late winter or early spring so that wildlife can take advantage of the insects and fruits provided during the winter months.

In the first spring, cut shrubs back to 45-60 cm (18-25 in) above the ground. This encourages bushy growth.

Top tips

• To protect birds, wildlife hedges should not be trimmed in the nesting season (March to August). Try to cut sections of hedge at different times, so there is always an undisturbed place for wildlife.
• Angling your plants at around 45 degrees as you plant them will help you to establish a hedge which is not too thin at the bottom.

Suggested plants:

• Blackthorn - Prunus spinosa
• Bramble - Rubus fruticosus
• Common Beech - Fagus sylvatica
• Common Hawthorn - Crataegus monogyna
• Common Hornbeam - Carpinus betulus
• Dog-rose - Rosa canina
• Eglantine Rose (aka Sweet Briar) - Rosa rubiginosa
• Field Maple - Acer campestre
• Holly - Ilex aquifolium
• Honeysuckle - Lonicera periclymenum
• Ivy - Hedera helix
• Traveller’s-joy (aka Old Man's Beard) - Clematis vitalba
• Wayfaring tree - Viburnum lantana